Hlau thiab steel kev lag luam
Raws li kev txheeb cais ntawm molybdenum noj nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb, daim ntawv thov ntawm molybdenum hauv kev lag luam steel tseem tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Raws li cov khoom siv alloying ntawm cov hlau, molybdenum tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub zog thiab tawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, txhim kho corrosion kuj ntawm cov hlau hauv acid-base tov thiab kua hlau, txhim kho cov hnav tsis kam ntawm cov hlau thiab txhim kho hardenability, weldability. thiab kub tsis kam. Molybdenum yog ib qho zoo carbide-forming keeb uas tsis oxidize nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem steelmaking thiab yuav siv tau ib leeg los yog ua ke nrog rau lwm yam alloying ntsiab. Kev noj cov molybdenum hauv cov hlau tshwj xeeb yog nce tsis tu ncua, thiab kev noj ntawm molybdenum ib tuj ntawm cov hlau tshwj xeeb tau mus txog qib ntawm 0.201 kg.
Molybdenum yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau hom stainless hlau, cuab yeej steels, high-speed steels, thiab alloy steels nrog rau chromium, nickel, manganese, thiab silicon. Stainless hlau ua los ntawm stainless hlau muaj zoo corrosion kuj, uas yuav siv tau rau corrosion-resistant steel kav rau roj exploitation, thiab stainless hlau nrog molybdenum txog 6% kuj tuaj yeem hloov titanium rau seawater desalination li.
Dej hiav txwv-mus nkoj, offshore roj thiab roj pipelines. Hom stainless hlau no tseem tuaj yeem siv rau hauv tsheb vaj tse, cov khoom siv dej phwj tuaj, thiab lwm yam. Molybdenum-muaj cov cuab yeej steels yog ob zaug ua haujlwm zoo li cov cuab yeej tungsten, nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo heev, tsis tshua muaj nqi thiab qhov hnyav. Molybdenum series high-speed steel muaj qhov zoo ntawm carbide inhomogeneity, hnav tsis kam, zoo toughness, thiab muaj zog plasticity ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov cuab yeej. Molybdenum-muaj alloy steels yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv rau cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, tsheb muaj tsheb, thiab cov khoom siv bulldozing. Molybdenum-muaj alloy steel nrog zoo pearlite qauv nyob rau hauv dov lub xeev yog ib qho tseem ceeb hlau nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm rails thiab choj.
Molybdenum, raws li cov khoom siv ntxiv rau cov hlau, pab tsim cov pearlite matrix tag nrho, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog thiab tawv ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia, txhim kho qhov sib xws ntawm microstructure ntawm loj castings, thiab kuj txhim kho cov quenchability ntawm tshav kub-kho castings. Molybdenum-muaj grey cam khwb cia hlau muaj kev hnav zoo, thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua lub log nres thiab nres nres rau cov tsheb hnyav.
Kev ua liaj ua teb chiv: molybdenum yog ib qho tsim nyog "cov kab ke" hauv cov nroj tsuag, suav txog li 0.5ppm ntawm cov nroj tsuag qhuav, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ammonium molybdate tau dav siv los ua cov kab mob chiv hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov zoo thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov nroj tsuag leguminous, zaub mov thiab lwm yam qoob loo. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov tseeb tias molybdenum txhawb kev kho cov nitrogen hauv huab cua los ntawm rhizobia thiab lwm yam kab mob uas kho nitrogen, thiab ntxiv hloov nitrogen rau hauv cov protein uas xav tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Molybdenum tseem txhawb nqa kev nqus ntawm phosphorus los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab siv nws cov teebmeem hauv cov nroj tsuag. Molybdenum kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog tsim thiab hloov pauv ntawm cov carbohydrates hauv cov nroj tsuag, txhim kho cov ntsiab lus thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov nroj tsuag chlorophyll, thiab nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov vitamin C. Tsis tas li ntawd, molybdenum tuaj yeem txhim kho cov dej qhuav thiab txias ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov kab mob tiv thaiv.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm molybdenum chiv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev siv tsawg, cov nyhuv loj thiab tus nqi qis, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev sau qoob loo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog taum qoob loo. Kev siv dav ntawm molybdenum hauv kev ua liaj ua teb kuj tau qhib txoj hauv kev tshiab rau kev siv cov dej khib nyiab, khib nyiab pov tseg thiab cov ore qib qis hauv molybdenum ntau lawm cov nroj tsuag hauv Suav teb. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob molybdenum muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab cov khoom kub kub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov thermal expansion coefficient ntawm iav zoo ib yam, thiab yog siv dav hauv kev tsim cov tub ntxhais hlau, txhuas hlau, nuv, bracket, sab pas nrig thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm kauv. filament nyob rau hauv lub teeb qhov muag teev, thiab raws li lub rooj vag thiab anode txhawb cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv electron raj. Hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke loj heev, molybdenum yog siv los ua lub rooj vag hlau oxide semiconductor, thiab "bimetallic effect" tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev txhim kho cov kev sib txuas ntawm molybdenum. Lub ultra-nyias seamless molybdenum raj (kwv yees li 15 μm) tuaj yeem siv los ua tus tuav anode rau cov duab yeeb yaj kiab ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab siab, uas muaj 1,125 cov duab scanning kab, uas yog ob zaug siab dua li ntawm cov TV zoo tib yam. Molybdenum discs kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov substrates thiab cov dab dej kub rau lub hwj chim transistor tshav kub shields thiab silicon rectifiers.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv cov ntshiab molybdenum hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob niaj hnub no, Mo-Re alloy tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov qij tshwj xeeb, thiab Mo-50Re thiab TZM alloy kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua cov thermionic. cathode structural element nyob rau hauv high-power microwave tubes thiab millimeter yoj hlab, nrog rau kev khiav hauj lwm kub txog li 12 00 degree thiab ib tug tam sim no ceev txog li 10 amperes / cm2. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, qee cov neeg tau tsim qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov ntsiab lus xws li Si, k thiab C kom nce qhov kub ntawm recrystallization thiab tsim "high-temperature molybdenum wire". Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb yttrium, cerium thiab lanthanum hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm molybdenum oxide tuaj yeem ua kom qhov kub thiab txias recrystallization thiab kov yeej qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov kub thiab txias embrittlement ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Molybdenum hlau uas muaj 0.1-0.3% zirconium thiab 0.1% scandium yog nitrided ntawm 1200 degree kom diffuse lub scandium rau hauv tag nrho cov hlau, thiab lub zog tensile ntawm no molybdenum hlau tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1400 lab Pascal ntawm 20 degree .
Kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam pwm, yog li EDM thev naus laus zis tau siv dav, molybdenum hlau yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws EDM hlau txiav tshuab cuab yeej electrode hlau, tuaj yeem txiav ntau yam hlau thiab cemented carbide, ua tiav cov duab tsis tshua muaj siab, nws EDM stability, tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm cov pwm. Cov saum toj no yog ob feem ntau siv molybdenum nyob ntawm tej, kev loj hlob ntawm lub teeb raug kev lag luam thiab kev loj hlob ntawm pwm manufacturing kev lag luam los ntawm leaps thiab ciam teb. Raws li kev txheeb cais ntawm Tuam Tshoj teeb pom kev zoo Association, nyob rau hauv 2001, lub teb chaws zus tau tej cov molybdenum hlau mus txog 3.15 billion meters, thiab qhov tseeb tso zis tau kwv yees mus txog 4 billion meters, siv ze li ntawm 800 tons ntawm molybdenum bars, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Ntawm lawv, cov zis ntawm molybdenum hlau rau hlau txiav ntau tshaj 2 billion meters, accounting rau ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj ntawm molybdenum hlau, thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob kev lag luam zeem muag yog heev optimistic.
Tungsten-tooj liab pseudoalloys tau siv dav hauv EDM cov cuab yeej electrodes, tab sis nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav ntawm kev siv molybdenum es tsis txhob siv cov tungsten li electrodes, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm tungsten-based thiab molybdenum-based electrodes. sib txawv nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm tooj liab (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 50% los ntawm qhov hnyav). Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov cua kub pulses thiab mechanical load pulses, qhov corrosion kuj feem ntau yog nyob ntawm tus txheej txheem brittleness, thiab ductile-brittle hloov kub ntawm molybdenum yog qis dua li ntawm tungsten, yog li lub brittleness yog me me thiab corrosion kuj muaj zog. Molybdenum-tooj liab, molybdenum-silver pseudoalloys yog resistant rau ablation thiab muaj hluav taws xob conductivity zoo, thiab yuav siv tau raws li kev sib cuag rau cua hloov, high-voltage keyboards, thiab contactors. Lub molybdenum-tooj liab composite zaj duab xis entrains ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm discrete molybdenum hais nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd tooj liab lub cev, muaj uniform microstructure, zoo thermal conductivity thiab conductivity, thiab yuav siv tau raws li ib tug hlau core nyob rau hauv multilayer Circuit Court boards.
Tsis ntev los no, peb kuj tau tsim cov xim-hloov molybdenum trioxide, uas hloov xim nyob rau hauv lub teeb muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem rov qab tau yooj yim, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm cov khoos phis tawj hluav taws xob thiab ntau cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm.
Automotive txau
Molybdenum muaj qhov melting point txog li 2620 degree, thiab muaj qhov kub thiab txias kev ua haujlwm thiab corrosion kuj, thiab molybdenum muaj zog binding quab yuam nrog hlau, yog li nws yog lub ntsiab thermal spraying khoom nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov automotive qhov chaw. Cov tsheb feem ntau siv molybdenum xaim hluav taws xob nrawm nrawm nrawm, cov roj sib tov sib xyaw ntawm rab phom txau ua rau cov roj kub kub, thiab cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb tsim los ntawm cov combustion chamber thiab cov roj txhaj tshuaj sib xyaw ua rau molybdenum hlau txau rau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. ntawm qhov kub ceev ua ntej nws yuav yaj tag, thiab qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj molybdenum tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 99%, thiab lub zog sib txuas yog ze rau 10 kg / mm2. Cov txheej txheem no zoo txhim kho qhov hnav tsis kam ntawm qhov chaw puas thiab tseem muab lub qhov ntxeem tau uas tuaj yeem impregnated nrog lubricating roj. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tsheb los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm piston rings, synchronizer rings, diav rawg thiab lwm yam hnav, nrog rau kev kho cov crankshafts, yob, shafts thiab lwm yam khoom siv kho tshuab. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, kev muag khoom txhua xyoo ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag molybdenum xaim nyob rau hauv European lag luam tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1, 000 tons, kev noj txhua xyoo ntawm Tebchaws Meskas kuj yog 600 tons, Nyiv kuj siv tau 30-40 tons. ntawm molybdenum hlau txhua txhua xyoo, thiab kev ua lag luam muaj peev xwm ntawm txau molybdenum hlau hauv Suav teb tseem tsawg dua 30 tons hauv ib xyoos. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tsheb, cov thermal txau ntawm lub tsheb iav thiab lwm qhov chaw yuav muaj kev txhim kho zoo, thiab kev muag khoom ntim ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag molybdenum hlau yuav nce ntxiv.
Cov ntsiab lus kub
Molybdenum lub siab purity, kub tsis kam, thiab qis vapor siab ua rau nws feem ntau siv los ua cov khoom cua sov thiab cov khoom siv rau cov cua kub kub. Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm tungsten molybdenum thiab cemented carbide, molybdenum hlau cua sov feem ntau yog siv los ua kom txo cov cua sov thiab sintering rauv, thiab molybdenum pas nrig cua sov yog siv los ua cov cua sov rau kev nruam sintering ntawm qee cov khoom hlau, thiab molybdenum pas nrig cua sov kab yog raug tshem tawm. ntawm ob sab ntawm lub cub tawg nrog molybdenum hooks. Hom qhov cub no feem ntau yog qhov txo qis hauv huab cua lossis qhov chaw tsis muaj oxidizing, thiab molybdenum hlau tuaj yeem siv los ze rau qhov chaw melting hauv hydrogen thiab decomposed ammonia, thiab txog li 2000 degree hauv nitrogen. Thaum siv saum toj no 1700 degree, TZM alloy los yog molybdenum lanthanum alloy nrog siab dua recrystallization kub thiab zoo zog yuav siv tau raws li lub cua sov caij. Molybdenum muaj ablation zoo nyob rau hauv molten quartz, thiab yog siv raws li ib tug energized molten electrode nyob rau hauv lub iav kev lag luam, tsuas yog 7.8 grams poob ib tuj ntawm iav molybdenum electrode tsim, thiab cov kev pab cuam lub neej yuav ntev li ntau tshaj li ib xyoo. Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, molybdenum kuj tseem siv los ua cov khoom siv kub kub rau cov iav melting, xws li kev taw qhia troughs, raj, crucibles, spouts, thiab stirring rods rau tsawg lub ntiaj teb smelting. Kev siv cov molybdenum es tsis txhob platinum nyob rau hauv lub iav fiber ntau qhov cub muaj qhov zoo, uas txo cov nqi ntau lawm. Cov tsim tshiab nuclear roj sintering rauv yog rhuab los ntawm molybdenum mesh, thiab peb-theem mesh rhaub yog woven rau hauv peb-theem mesh rhaub nrog 0.8mm molybdenum hlau, thiab qhov kub thiab txias ua hauj lwm yuav ncav cuag 1800-2000 degree. Tsis tas li ntawd, molybdenum thiab nws cov alloys kuj tseem siv tau los ua kub isostatic pressing furnaces, tshav kub shields, sintered thiab steam-coated nkoj, SmCo hlau nplaum thiab uranium dioxide sintering pads, thermocouples thiab lawv lub tes tsho tiv thaiv, thiab lwm yam.