Niobium zoo ib yam li tantalum thiab zirconium ntau txoj hauv kev. Nws reacts nrog fluorine ntawm chav tsev kub, chlorine thiab hydrogen ntawm 200 degree, thiab nitrogen ntawm 400 degree, thiab cov khoom yog feem ntau interstitial inhomogeneous tebchaw. Niobium hlau oxidizes hauv huab cua ntawm 200 degree thiab tiv taus molten alkalis thiab acids, xws li aqua regia, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid thiab phosphoric acid. Txawm li cas los xij, hydrofluoric acid thiab sib tov ntawm hydrofluoric thiab nitric acids tuaj yeem tua niobium.
Txawm hais tias niobium tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam sib txuas hauv lub xeev oxidation ntawm +5 rau −1, nws feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv +5 oxidation xeev. Niobium tebchaw nrog lub xeev oxidation hauv qab +5 tag nrho muaj niobium-niobium bonds.
Oxide thiab sulfides
Niobium oxides tuaj yeem muaj cov oxidation hauv qab no: +5 (Nb2O5), +4 (NbO2) thiab +3 (Nb2O3) thiab, tsis tshua muaj, +2 (NbO). Niobium pentoxide yog niobium oxide ntau tshaj plaws, thiab kev npaj ntawm niobium hlau thiab tag nrho cov niobium tebchaw yuav tsum pib nrog nws. Ua niobate, niobium pentoxide tuaj yeem yaj hauv cov tshuaj alkaline hydroxide, los yog yaj hauv alkali hlau oxide. Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) muaj perovskite-hom metatrigonal siv lead ua qauv, thaum lanthanum niobate muaj cais NbO3- ions. Lwm cov ntsiab lus paub suav nrog niobium sulfide (NbS2), uas tsim cov txheej txheem txheej.
Ib txheej nyias ntawm niobium pentoxide tuaj yeem ntxiv rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom los ntawm cov tshuaj vapor deposition lossis atomic txheej deposition, thiab ob txoj kev siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas niobium (V) ethanol yuav decompose ntawm ntau tshaj 350 degree.
Halide
Niobium tuaj yeem tsim halides nrog {{{0}}} thiab +4 oxidation xeev, nrog rau ntau yam substoichiometric compounds. Niobium penthalide (NbX5) muaj octahedral niobium central atom. Niobium pentafluoride (NbF5) yog cov khoom dawb nrog lub melting point ntawm 79.0 degree, thaum niobium pentachloride (NbCl5) yog daj nrog lub melting point ntawm 203.4 degree. Ob leeg tuaj yeem ua hydrolyzed los tsim oxides thiab halide oxides, xws li NbOCl3. Niobium pentachloride kuj yog ib qho reagent uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev sib txuas ntawm ntau yam organometallic tebchaw, suav nrog dichlorodiniobene ((C5H5) 2NbCl2). Niobium tetrahalides (NbX4) yog cov polymers tsaus nrog niobium-niobium bonds, xws li dub, hygroscopic niobium tetrafluoride (NbF4) thiab xim av niobium tetrachloride (NbCl4).
Niobium halide aninations kuj tseem muaj vim tias pentahalides ntawm niobium yog tag nrho cov Lewis acids. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog [NbF7], uas yog qhov sib xyaw nruab nrab hauv cov ntxhia sib cais ntawm niobium thiab tantalum. Nws tau yooj yim hloov dua siab tshiab rau oxypentafluoride dua li nws cov tantalum counterpart. Lwm cov halogenated complex muaj xws li [NbCl6]:
Nb2Cl10+ 2Cl → 2 [NbCl6]
Niobium kuj tsim ntau yam kev txo qis halide pawg, xws li [Nb6Cl18].
Nitrides thiab carbide
Niobium nitride (NbN) hloov mus rau hauv ib qho superconductor ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab siv rau hauv infrared detectors. Lub ntsiab niobium carbide yog NbC, uas yog ib qho nyuaj heev thiab yog cov khoom siv refractory ceramic uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov cuab yeej txiav me me.