Element Information
Ib qho khoom siv hlau. Niobium tuaj yeem nqus tau cov pa roj, siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev degassing, thiab tseem yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo. Yav tas los hu ua "Colum". Cov cim tshuaj lom neeg Nb, atomic tooj 41, atomic hnyav 92.90638, belongs rau pawg VB lub sijhawm. Xyoo 1801, Charles Hatchett ntawm Askiv (Charles Hatchett) Hatchett cais cov oxide ntawm cov khoom tshiab los ntawm niobium hauv British Tsev khaws puav pheej sau hauv London, thiab hu ua lub caij columbium. Xyoo 1802, AG Örkberg ntawm Sweden tau pom lwm lub ntsiab lus tshiab, tantalum, hauv tantalite. Txij li ob lub ntsiab lus no zoo sib xws hauv qhov xwm txheej, ntau tus neeg ntseeg tias lawv yog tib lub ntsiab. Vim nws zoo ib yam li tantalum, nws tsis meej pem thaum xub thawj. Xyoo 1844, German H. Rozer tau kawm ntau yam ntawm niobium thiab tantalite hauv kev nthuav dav, thiab cais ob lub ntsiab lus, uas qhia qhov tseeb. Thaum kawg, Charles Hatchett hu ua lub caij tom qab tus vajtswv poj niam Niobe. Keeb kwm, niobium yog Ameslikas xa mus los ntawm lub npe "columbium" ntawm niobium mine qhov twg niobium nyob. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm niobium nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust yog 0.002%, lub ntuj reserves ntawm niobium nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust yog 5.2 lab tons, thiab cov mineable reserves yog 4.4 lab tons, thiab lub ntsiab minerals yog niobium, pyrochlorite thiab dub tsis tshua muaj kub, xim av yttrium. niobium, tantalite, titanium, niobium, thiab cerium.
Isotope
Ib txwm tshwm sim niobium yog tsim los ntawm cov isotope ruaj khov: 93Nb. Raws li xyoo 2003, tsawg kawg 32 xov tooj cua isotopes tau raug tsim, nrog atomic hnyav ntawm 81 thiab 113. Qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws ntawm cov no yog 92Nb, nrog ib nrab-lub neej ntawm 34.7 lab xyoo, thiab 113Nb, ib qho ntawm cov isotopes tsis ruaj khov tshaj plaws, nrog rau ib nrab ntawm lub neej ntawm 34.7 lab xyoo. kwv yees ib nrab-lub neej tsuas yog 30 milliseconds. Isotopes sib zog dua 93Nb feem ntau dhau + lwj, thaum cov isotopes hnyav dua - lwj. Kev zam suav nrog: 81Nb, 82Nb, thiab 84Nb muaj me me ntawm cov plaub hau qeeb proton emission, 91Nb muaj electron capture thiab positron emission, thiab 92Nb muaj ob qho tib si positron (+) thiab electron (-) emission.
Muaj 25 lub npe hu ua nuclides nrog ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm 84 mus rau 104. Ntawm cov isotopes nyob rau lub sijhawm no, tsuas yog 96Nb, 101Nb, thiab 103Nb tsis muaj isomers. Qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws niobium isomer yog 93 mNb nrog ib nrab-lub neej ntawm 16.13 xyoo, thiab qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws yog 84 mNb nrog ib nrab lub neej ntawm 103 nanoseconds. Nrog rau kev zam ntawm 92m1Nb rau me me ntawm electron capture, tag nrho cov isomers lwj nyob rau hauv ib tug homomeric hloov los yog lwj.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog
Element symbol: Nb
Lub npe lus Askiv ntawm lub caij: niobium
Hom Element: Hlau Element
Atomic ntim: 10.87cm3 / mol
Cov ntsiab lus hauv lub hnub: 0.004 (ppm)
Cov ntsiab lus hauv dej hiav txwv: 0.0000009 (ppm)
Cov ntsiab lus hauv lub ntiaj teb crust: 20 (ppm)
Tus txheeb ze atomic mass: 92.90638
Atomic naj npawb: 41
Lub sijhawm: 5
Cov tsev neeg: VB
Extranuclear hluav taws xob configuration: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d45s1 [3]
Electron Layer Configuration: 2,8,18,12,1 [3]
Cov qauv siv lead ua: Cov chav tsev yog lub cev nruab nrab ntawm lub cubic unit cell, thiab txhua chav cell muaj 2 hlau atoms.
Unit cell parameters: A=330.04 teev tsaus ntuj, B=330.04 teev tsaus ntuj, C=330.04 teev tsaus ntuj,=90 degree ,=90 degree , {{ 8}} degree
Qhov tseem ceeb: {{0}} (thawj), -3, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3, {{7 }}
Mohs hardness: 6
Suab tshaj tawm: 3480 (m / s)
Ionization zog (kJ / mol)
M - M+ 664
M+ - M2+ 1382
M2+ - M3+ 2416
M3+ - M4+ 3695
M4+ - M5+ 4877
M5+ - M6+ 9899
M6+ - M7+ 12100